Readwrite smartphone drivers#

These authors use the term 'computational intelligence' as a synonym for artificial intelligence. Definition of AI as the study of intelligent agents: Poole, Mackworth & Goebel (1998), which provides the version that is used in this article.

Readwrite smartphone drivers#

In this case, the Pulse-Width Modulation interface embedded in the Dynamic Tag allows users to configure LED drivers in the production phase or during maintenance.GitHub - Aryia-Behroziuan/References: Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, p.

Since many smartphones nowadays offer NFC connectivity, NFC Dynamic Tags can be used by consumer brands to send customers information about their acquired products via a mobile application, thereby increasing their NFC user experience.įor specific applications such as lighting or motor control, NFC Dynamic Tags can be designed without being coupled with a microcontroller. For example, an RFID- or NFC-enabled smartphone can read the information embedded in the NFC tag of a washing machine, such as the details concerning the condition of the appliance, including fault diagnostics. NFC Dynamic Tags can also be used to monitor the condition of goods. The NFC reader (smartphone) detects the NFC Dynamic tag embedded in the headset and recovers the information that enables the BLE pairing. harvest energy from the NFC RF field to power up a microcontrollerįor example, when an NFC-enabled smartphone is brought within reading distance of an electronic device (such as a Bluetooth™ LE headset), the BLE pairing is automatically performed without any additional user operation.In addition to their ability to read and write data, some NFC chips also support specific features, such as tamper detection mechanisms and digital signature, which are suitable for identification and authentication applications.įor example, when an NFC-enabled smartphone is brought within reading distance of a wine bottle that embeds an NFC tag in its cork, the NFC reader can verify the origin of the tag and detect if the bottle has been opened, thereby ensuring the product's integrity.Ī dual-interface tag, also called an NFC Dynamic Tag, is coupled with a microcontroller through a wired interface (I2C for example), thereby offering a second communication interface in addition to the NFC wireless link.Īn NFC Dynamic Tag chip enables two-way, wireless communication between two electronic systems, even when no power is supplied to the object carrying the NFC Dynamic Tag.Īn NFC Dynamic Tag acts as a bridge between two electronic systems and is able to: Their small size allows them to be easily integrated in space-constrained objects, such as stickers, labels, key fobs, and more. NFC is the only wireless technology that can be used to interact with NFC tags. Once it is activated by the NFC reader, the single-interface NFC chip enables the exchange of data between the tag and the reader, when they are brought in close proximity. NFC readers chips are often embedded in smartphones, payment terminals, ticket machines, car door handles, car center consoles, or as part of a broader payment system, such as an automotive or transport application, or a gaming device.įor example, if an NFC reader is embedded in a door handle, the door can be unlocked when the authorized NFC-enabled smartphone is brought in close proximity of the door handle.Ī single-interface NFC chip is a passive device embedded in an NFC tag, which only communicates with the other part of the NFC system, the NFC reader.

Supporting multiple RF protocols and features, an NFC reader chip can be used in three different modes: Read/Write, Peer to Peer (P2P), and Card Emulation.

Usually, combined with a microcontroller, the NFC reader chip powers up and exchanges information with one or more NFC tags. An NFC reader can also be called an NFC writer, because of its ability to write data into the NFC tag. An NFC reader chip can be considered as the main controller of the communication system, as it initiates the communication, powers up the NFC tag, and sends commands through the magnetic field to the passive tag.